Molybdenum (U.S. formulation)

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Molybdenum is an essential trace mineral for human and animal nutrition. Molybdenum (symbol Mo) is a transition metal that is found in the earth's soil. The amount of molybdenum in plant foods vary significantly and is dependent upon the mineral content of the soil. The best sources of this mineral are beans, dark green leafy vegetables, and grains. Molybdenum is also found in several tissues of the human body and is involved in several enzyme systems.

Molybdenum (symbol “Mo”) is found naturally in the earth’s crust as a mineral compound, commonly as molybdenite. It is an essential trace mineral necessary for human life. It is found in several tissues and is required for multiple enzyme systems in the human body.

Minerals for Life^® Molybdenum is a liquid dietary supplement of the mineral Molybdenum in aqueous solution as an advanced proprietary molecular delivery system. A solution yields the smallest particles the size of atoms, ions, or small molecules.

The purer the water the more efficiently minerals are activated into their electrically charged ionic state. Eniva uses OHM^® water (multi-step purified water) in a unique proprietary process at Eniva’s government-inspected manufacturing facility, yielding a bio-available form of molybdenum ions (Solutomic^®) in sparkling clear solutions for quicker absorption than tablets or capsules which must first dissolve in the digestive system before being absorbed.

This product has been structurally enhanced with Negative Field Activation.^® It has been treated with a proprietary negative magnetic field design at multiple times the strength of the earth’s own magnetic field.

Molybdenum Helps to Support:

Minerals for Life^® Molybdenum is a liquid dietary supplement of the electrically charged ion particle Molybdenum. Eniva(R)uses forms of minerals that thoroughly activate by ionization in pure OHM^® water, yielding the monatomic Molybdenum elemental equivalent, as shown as "Molybdenum" in the "Supplement Facts" panel. A solution yields the smallest size of atoms, ions, or small molecules, whereas colloidal dispersions contain large clusters of particles.

In humans, the active biological form of molybdenum is known as the Molybdenum cofactor "Moco". Moco is a cofactor in four human enzymes: xanthine dehydrogenase, xanthine oxidase, sulfite oxidase, and aldehyde oxidase. Due to its role in these enzyme systems, Molybdenum is essential and has been implicated in several health issues.

Molybdenum deficient diets fed to animals has resulted in slowed weight gain, decreased food consumption, impaired reproduction, and a shortened life expectancy.

Sulfites, which are used as a food additive, are a common substance to which individuals can become sensitized and develop allergies. Sulfite is also toxic to the nervous system. Since Molybdenum is necessary for sulfite oxidase, an enzyme which helps the body deal with these substances. It has been suggested that molybdenum may help promote healthy airways.*

In addition, yeasts in the body produce a by-product called acetaldehyde, a toxic substance resulting in several health consequences. In fact, acetaldehyde is the compound that produces the symptoms in an alcohol "hang-over." Molybdenum plays a role as a cofactor in helping break down acetaldehyde to a form that actually provides the body with energy.* Molybdenum plays a large role in the detoxification pathway for acetaldehyde in the human body.*

Molybdenum has also been implicated in helping to promote healthy and normal cellular replication.* Due to molybdenum's role in aldehyde oxidase, it may play a role in the detoxification of some carcinogenic xenobiotics.* A xenobiotic is a totally synthetic product not naturally occurring in nature (i.e. a man-made chemical). Molybdenum is also involved in cofactors that are required for enzyme activity by some of the good bacteria of the large intestine. Some of these molybdenum dependent enzymes may, again, be involved in detoxifying carcinogenic xenobiotics.*

Molybdenum also plays a role in purine metabolism. It is needed to convert purine to uric acid. As such, excessive intake of Molybdenum could, in rare cases, increase uric acid levels and potentially trigger gout.

Molybdenum is an antagonist to copper. Therefore, it has also been helpful in those struggling with excessive copper in the body.* Molybdenum also has a relationship to iron, playing a role in enzyme dependent processes involving this mineral.

No recommended dietary allowance (RDA) has been established for molybdenum. The estimated range recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board as safe and adequate is 75-250 micrograms per day for adults.

The purer the water the more efficiently minerals are activated into their electrically charged ionic state. Eniva uses OHM^® water (multi-step purified water) in a unique proprietary process at Eniva's government-inspected-and-certified manufacturing facility, yielding ionically dislodged monatomic (Solutomic^®) ions in sparkling clear solutions for quicker absorption than tablets or capsules which must first be dissolved and ionized in the digestive system before being absorbed.

This product has been structurally enhanced with Negative Field Activation.^® It has been treated with a proprietary magnetic negative field design at over 1,000 times the strength of the earth's own magnetic field.

* This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Scientific References

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Beedham C. Molybdenum hydroxalases as drug metabolizing enzymes. Drug Metab Rev. 1985; 16:119-156.

Blot WJ, Li JY, Taylor PR, et al. Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian China: supplementation with specific vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence and disease-specific mortality in the general population, J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993; 85:1483-1942.

Boles JW, Klassen CD. Effects of molybdate and pentachlorophenol on the sulfation of acetaminophen. Toxicology, 2000; 146:23-35.

Brewer GJ, Dick RD, Grover DK, et al. Treatment of metastatic cancer with tetrathiomolybdate, an anticopper, antiangiogenic agent:Phase I study. Clin Cancer Res. 2000; 6:1-10.

Brewer GJ, Johnson V, Dick RD, et al. Treatment of Wilson disease with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate. II. Initial therapy in 33 neurologically affected patients and follow-up with zinc therapy. Arch Neurol. 1996; 53:1017-1025.

Edwards MC, Johnson JL, Marriage B, et al. Isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency: review of two cases in one family. Ophthalmology. 1999; 106:1857-1961.

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Johnson JL, Cohen HJ, Rajagopalan KV. Molecular basis of the biological function of molybdenum. J Biol Chem. 1974;249:5046-5055.

Johnson JL, Waud WR, Rajagopalan KV, et al. Inborn errors of molybdenum matabolism:Combined deficiencies of sulfite oxidase and xanthine dehydroganase in a patient lacing the molybdenum cofactor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1980; 77:3715-3719.

Johnson JL, Wuebbens MM, Mandell R, et al. Molybdenum cofactor deficiency in a patient previously characterized as deficient in sulfite oxidase. Biochem Med Metabol Biol 1988;40:86-93.

Luo XM, Wei HJ, Hu GG, et al. Molybdenum and esophageal cancer in China. Federation Proceesings. 1981; 46:928(Abstract#3962).

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Momcilovic B. a case of acute human molybdenum toxicity from a dietary molybdenum supplement-a new member of the "Lucor metallicum" family. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 1999; 50:289-297.

Nielsen FH. Ultratrace minerals. In: Shils ME, Olson JA. Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1999:283-303.

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Wuebbens MW, Liu MTW, Rajagopalan KV, Schlindelin H. Insights into molybdenum cofactor deficiency provided by the crystal structure of the molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein MoaC. Structure. 2000; 8:709-718.